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I.e., to remember God and to repent: see 21:87 , which reveals in its very formulation the universal purport of Jonah's story.
Before being swallowed and while inside the whale (see 21:87). The lesson is: good deeds are of great help during difficult times.
"But he cried through the depths of darkness, 'There is no god but Thee: glory to Thee! I was indeed wrong!' " (xxi. 87).