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Lit., "a warrant" or "authority" (sultan), in this context obviously denoting a revelation.
Lit., "of that which they were wont to associate [with Us]". Cf. second paragraph of 35:40 and the corresponding note [27].
Their behavior is exactly as if they were satisfied within themselves that they were entitled or given a license to worship God and Mammon. In fact the whole thing is their own invention or delusion.