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Entering the mosque after the prayer is finished
The author of al-Mughni states, "If one enters the mosque after the prayer is finished, he may make the adhan and iqamah. Ahmad's practice, based on what al-'Athram and Sa'eed ibn Mansur recorded from Anas, was to ask a person to make the adhan and iqamah, after which he would pray with (some people) in congregation. If a person wishes, he may pray without making the adhan and iqamah. Says 'Urwa, "If you reach a mosque wherein the people have already prayed, you may base your prayer on their adhan and iqamah, as theirs are sufficient for those who come after them." This was the opinion of al-Hassan, ash-Sha'bi and an-Nakha'i. Al-Hassan, however, said, "I prefer that he makes the iqamah. If he makes the adhan, he should do so in a low voice and not aloud, for some people may consider it out of place."
The time between the iqamah and the prayer
It is permitted to talk between the iqamah and the prayer. One need not repeat the iqamah, even if the interval is long. Reported Anas ibn Malik, "The iqamah was made while the Messenger of Allah was talking to a man in the corner of the mosque. He did not come to the prayer until the people had fallen asleep." (Related by al-Bukhari) One time, the Messenger of Allah, upon whom be peace, remembered that he was in post-sex impurity after the iqamah had been made, so he went to make ghusl and came back to lead the prayer without (a new) iqamah.
The iqamah of one who is not the designated caller
If someone other than the appointed caller wants to make the adhan, he must obtain the latter's permission. If the appointed or regular caller is late and they fear that they will miss the time of the adhan, another person may make the call.
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