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Surah 18. Al-Kahf

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18:66
قَالَ لَهُۥ مُوسَىٰ هَلْ أَتَّبِعُكَ عَلَىٰٓ أَن تُعَلِّمَنِ مِمَّا عُلِّمْتَ رُشْدًا Q a la lahu moos a hal attabiAAuka AAal a an tuAAallimani mimm a AAullimta rushd a n
Moses said unto him: "May I follow thee on the understanding that thou wilt impart to me some thing of that consciousness of what right which has been imparted to thee?"
  - Mohammad Asad
Musa requested of him: "May I follow you so that you may teach me from that True Knowledge which you have been taught?"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Moses said to him, 'May I follow you, provided that you teach me some of the right guidance you have been taught?'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Moses said unto him: May I follow thee, to the end that thou mayst teach me right conduct of that which thou hast been taught?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Moses said to him: "May I follow thee on the footing that thou teach me something of the (Higher) Truth which thou hast been taught?" 2413
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Moses, not understanding the full import of what he was asking, makes a simple request. He wants to learn something of the special Knowledge which Allah had bestowed on Khidhr.

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18:67
قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِىَ صَبْرًا Q a la innaka lan tasta t eeAAa maAAiya s abr a n
[The other] answered: "Behold, thou wilt never be able to have patience with me -
  - Mohammad Asad
He answered: "Surely you will not be able to bear with me,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He said, 'You certainly cannot be patient 'enough' with me.
  - Mustafa Khattab
He said: Lo! thou canst not bear with me.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
(The other) said: "Verily thou wilt not be able to have patience with me! 2414
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Khidhr smiles, and says that there will be many things which Moses will see with him, which Moses will not completely understand and which will make Moses impatient. The highest knowledge often seems paradoxical to those who have not the key to it.

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18:68
وَكَيْفَ تَصْبِرُ عَلَىٰ مَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِۦ خُبْرًا Wakayfa ta s biru AAal a m a lam tu h i t bihi khubr a n
for how couldst thou be patient about something that thou canst not comprehend within the compass of [thy] experience?"74
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "that thou dost not encompass with [thy] experience (khubran)": according to Razi, an allusion to the fact that even a prophet like Moses did not fully comprehend the inner reality of things (haqa'iq al-ashya' kama hiya); and, more generally, to man's lack of equanimity whenever he is faced with something that he has never yet experienced or cannot immediately comprehend. In the last analysis, the above verse implies - as is brought out fully in Moses' subsequent experiences - that appearance and reality do not always coincide; beyond that, it touches in a subtle manner upon the profound truth that man cannot really comprehend or even visualize anything that has no counterpart - at least in its component elements - in his own intellectual experience: and this is the reason for the Qur'anic use of metaphor and allegory with regard to "all that is beyond the reach of a created being's perception" (al-ghayb).

for how can you have patience about that which is beyond your knowledge?"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And how can you be patient with what is beyond your 'realm of' knowledge?'
  - Mustafa Khattab
How canst thou bear with that whereof thou canst not compass any knowledge?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"And how canst thou have patience about things about which thy understanding is not complete?" 2415
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Khidhr does not blame Moses. Each one of us can only follow our own imperfect lights to the best of our judgment, but if we have Faith, we are saved many false steps.

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18:69
قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِىٓ إِن شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ صَابِرًا وَلَآ أَعْصِى لَكَ أَمْرًا Q a la satajidunee in sh a a All a hu sa biran wal a aAA s ee laka amr a n
Replied [Moses]: "Thou wilt find me patient, if God so wills: and I shall not disobey thee in anything!"
  - Mohammad Asad
Musa said: "If Allah wills, you shall find me patient and I shall not disobey you in any way."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Moses assured 'him', 'You will find me patient, Allah willing, and I will not disobey any of your orders.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
He said: Allah willing, thou shalt find me patient and I shall not in aught gainsay thee:
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Moses said: "Thou wilt find me if Allah so will (truly) patient: nor shall I disobey thee in aught." 2416
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Moses has Faith. He adopts the true attitude of the learner to the Teacher, and promises to obey in all things, with the help of Allah. The Teacher is doubtful, but permits him to follow him on condition that he asks no questions about anything until the Teacher himself mentions it first.

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18:70
قَالَ فَإِنِ ٱتَّبَعْتَنِى فَلَا تَسْـَٔلْنِى عَن شَىْءٍ حَتَّىٰٓ أُحْدِثَ لَكَ مِنْهُ ذِكْرًا Q a la faini ittabaAAtanee fal a tasalnee AAan shayin h att a o h ditha laka minhu th ikr a n
Said [the sage]: "Well, then, if thou art to follow me, do not question me about aught [that I may do] until I myself give thee an account thereof."
  - Mohammad Asad
He said: "If you want to follow me, then do not question me about anything until I tell you about it myself."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He responded, 'Then if you follow me, do not question me about anything until I 'myself' clarify it for you.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
He said: Well, if thou go with me, ask me not concerning aught till I myself mention of it unto thee.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
The other said: "If then thou wouldst follow me ask me no questions about anything until I myself speak to thee concerning it."
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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18:71
فَٱنطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا رَكِبَا فِى ٱلسَّفِينَةِ خَرَقَهَا ۖ قَالَ أَخَرَقْتَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْـًٔا إِمْرًا Fa i n t alaq a h att a i tha rakib a fee a l ssafeenati kharaqah a q a la akharaqtah a litughriqa ahlah a laqad jita shayan imr a n
And so the two went on their way, till [they reached the seashore; and] when they disembarked from the boat [that had ferried them across], the sage75 made a hole in it - [whereupon Moses] exclaimed: "Hast thou made a hole in it in order to drown the people who may be [travelling] in it? Indeed, thou hast done a grievous thing!"
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "he".

So they set forth, but when they embarked in a boat to cross the river, Khizr made a hole in it. Musa cried out: "Did you make a hole in it to drown its passengers? You have done a weird thing!"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So they set out, but after they had boarded a ship, the man made a hole in it. Moses protested, 'Have you done this to drown its people? You have certainly done a terrible thing!'
  - Mustafa Khattab
So the twain set out till, when they were in the ship, he made a hole therein. (Moses) said: Hast thou made a hole therein to drown the folk thereof? Thou verily hast done a dreadful thing.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
So they both proceeded: until when they were in the boat he scuttled it. Said Moses: "Hast thou scuttled it in order to drown those in it? Truly a strange thing hast thou done!" 2417
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The explanation follows in xviii. 79.

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18:72
قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِىَ صَبْرًا Q a la alam aqul innaka lan tasta t eeAAa maAAiya s abr a n
He replied: "Did I not tell thee that thou wilt never be able to have patience with me?"
  - Mohammad Asad
He said: "Didn't I say that you would not manage to have patience with me?"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He replied, 'Did I not say that you cannot have patience with me?'
  - Mustafa Khattab
He said: Did I not tell thee thou couldst not bear with me?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He answered: "Did I not tell thee that thou canst have no patience with me?"
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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18:73
قَالَ لَا تُؤَاخِذْنِى بِمَا نَسِيتُ وَلَا تُرْهِقْنِى مِنْ أَمْرِى عُسْرًا Q a la l a tu a khi th nee bim a naseetu wal a turhiqnee min amree AAusr a n
Said [Moses]: "Take me not to task for my having forgotten [myself], and be not hard on me on account of what I have done!"
  - Mohammad Asad
Musa said: "Pardon my forgetfulness, do not be angry with me on account of this mistake."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Moses pleaded, 'Excuse me for forgetting, and do not be hard on me.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
(Moses) said: Be not wroth with me that I forgot, and be not hard upon me for my fault.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Moses said: "Rebuke me not for forgetting nor grieve me by raising difficulties in my case."
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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18:74
فَٱنطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا لَقِيَا غُلَـٰمًا فَقَتَلَهُۥ قَالَ أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّةًۢ بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ لَّقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْـًٔا نُّكْرًا Fa i n t alaq a h att a i tha laqiy a ghul a man faqatalahu q a la aqatalta nafsan zakiyyatan bighayri nafsin laqad jita shayan nukr a n
And so the two went on, till, when they met a young man, [the sage] slew him - [whereupon Moses] exclaimed: "Hast thou slain an innocent human being without [his having taken] another man's life? Indeed, thou hast done a terrible thing!"
  - Mohammad Asad
So they journeyed on until they met a boy, and Khizr slew him. Musa said: "You have killed an innocent person though he had killed nobody. Surely you have done a horrible deed!"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So they proceeded until they came across a boy, and the man killed him. Moses protested, 'Have you killed an innocent soul, who killed no one? You have certainly done a horrible thing.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
So the twain journeyed on till, when they met a lad, he slew him. (Moses) said: What! Hast thou slain an innocent soul who hath slain no man? Verily thou hast done a horrid thing.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Then they proceeded: until when they met a young man he slew him. Moses said: "Hast thou slain an innocent person who had slain none? Truly a foul (unheard-of) thing hast thou done!" 2418
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The explanation follows in xviii. 80-81.

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18:75
قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُل لَّكَ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِىَ صَبْرًا Q a la alam aqul laka innaka lan tasta t eeAAa maAAiya s abr a n
He replied: "Did I not tell thee that thou wilt never be able to have patience with me?"
  - Mohammad Asad
Khizr said: "Did I not tell you that you will not be able to bear with me?"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He answered, 'Did I not tell you that you cannot have patience with me?'
  - Mustafa Khattab
He said: Did I not tell thee that thou couldst not bear with me? `
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He answered: "Did I not tell thee that thou canst have no patience with me?"
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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18:76
قَالَ إِن سَأَلْتُكَ عَن شَىْءٍۭ بَعْدَهَا فَلَا تُصَـٰحِبْنِى ۖ قَدْ بَلَغْتَ مِن لَّدُنِّى عُذْرًا Q a la in saaltuka AAan shayin baAAdah a fal a tu sah ibnee qad balaghta min ladunnee AAu th r a n
Said [Moses]: "If, after this, I should ever question thee, keep me not in thy company: [for by] now thou hast heard enough excuses from me."
  - Mohammad Asad
Musa replied: "If ever I ask you about anything after this, you may not keep me in your company; for then I should deserve it because you will have an excuse in my case".
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Moses replied, 'If I ever question you about anything after this, then do not keep me in your company, for by then I would have given you enough of an excuse.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
(Moses) said: If I ask thee after this concerning aught, keep not company with me. Thou hast received an excuse from me.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
(Moses) said: "If ever I ask thee about anything after this keep me not in thy company: then wouldst thou have received (full) excuse from my side."
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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18:77
فَٱنطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَتَيَآ أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ ٱسْتَطْعَمَآ أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْا۟ أَن يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارًا يُرِيدُ أَن يَنقَضَّ فَأَقَامَهُۥ ۖ قَالَ لَوْ شِئْتَ لَتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا Fa i n t alaq a h att a i tha atay a ahla qaryatin ista t AAam a ahlah a faabaw an yu d ayyifoohum a fawajad a feeh a jid a ran yureedu an yanqa dd a faaq a mahu q a la law shita la i ttakha th ta AAalayhi ajr a n
And so the two went on, till, when they came upon some village people, they asked them76 for food; but those [people] refused them all hospitality. And they saw in that [village] a wall which was on the point of tumbling down, and [the sage] rebuilt it - [whereupon Moses] said: "Hadst thou so wished, surely thou couldst [at least] have obtained some payment for it?"
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "asked its people".

They travelled on until they came to the people of a town. They asked them for some food, but they refused to receive them as their guests. There they found a wall on the point of falling down, so he restored it. Musa said: "If you wanted you could demand some payment for it!"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So they moved on until they came to the people of a town. They asked them for food, but the people refused to give them hospitality. There they found a wall ready to collapse, so the man set it right. Moses protested, 'If you wanted, you could have demanded a fee for this.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
So they twain journeyed on till, when they came unto the folk of a certain township, they asked its folk for food, but they refused to make them guests. And they found therein a wall upon the point of falling into ruin, and he repaired it. (Moses) said : If thou hadst wished, thou couldst have taken payment for it.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Then they proceeded: until when they came to the inhabitants of a town they asked them for food but they refused them hospitality. They found there a wall on the point of falling down but he set it up straight. (Moses) said: "If thou hadst wished surely thou couldst have exacted some recompense for it!" 2419 2420
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The inhabitants were churlish. They broke the universal Eastern rule of hospitality to strangers, and thus showed themselves beyond the pale of ordinary human courtesies. Note that they would have been expected to offer hospitality of themselves, unasked. Here Moses and his companion actually had to ask for hospitality and were refused point-blank.

As they were refused hospitality, they should, as self-respecting men, have shaken the dust of the town off their feet, or shown their indignation in some way. Instead of that, Khidhr actually goes and does a benevolent act. He rebuilds for them a falling wall, and never asks for any compensation for it. Perhaps he employed local workmen for it and paid them wages, thus actually benefiting a town which had treated him and his companion so shabbily! Moses is naturally surprised and asks, "Could you not at least have asked for the cost?"

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18:78
قَالَ هَـٰذَا فِرَاقُ بَيْنِى وَبَيْنِكَ ۚ سَأُنَبِّئُكَ بِتَأْوِيلِ مَا لَمْ تَسْتَطِع عَّلَيْهِ صَبْرًا Q a la h atha fir a qu baynee wabaynika saonabbioka bitaweeli m a lam tasta t iAA AAalayhi s abr a n
[The sage] replied: "This is the parting of ways between me and thee. [And now] I shall let thee know the real meaning of all [those events] that thou wert unable to bear with patience:
  - Mohammad Asad
Khizr replied: "That's it, this is the parting between you and me. But first I will explain to you those acts of mine which you could not bear to watch with patience.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He replied, 'This is the parting of our ways. I will explain to you what you could not bear patiently.
  - Mustafa Khattab
He said: This is the parting between thee and me! I will announce unto thee the interpretation of that thou couldst not bear with patience.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He answered: "This is the parting between me and thee: now will I tell thee the interpretation of (those things) over which thou wast unable to hold patience. 2421
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The story and the interpretation are given with the greatest economy of words. It would repay us to search for the meaning in terms of our own inner and outer experience.

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18:79
أَمَّا ٱلسَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَـٰكِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ فَأَرَدتُّ أَنْ أَعِيبَهَا وَكَانَ وَرَآءَهُم مَّلِكٌ يَأْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِينَةٍ غَصْبًا Amm a a l ssafeenatu fak a nat limas a keena yaAAmaloona fee alba h ri faaradtu an aAAeebah a wak a na war a ahum malikun yakhu th u kulla safeenatin gha s b a n
"As for that boat, it belonged to some needy people who toiled upon the sea - and I desired to damage it77 because [I knew that] behind them was a king who is wont to seize every boat by brute force.
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "to cause a fault in it" - i.e., to make it temporarily unserviceable.

As for the boat, it belonged to some poor fishermen who toiled on the river. I intended to damage it because in their rear there was a king who was seizing every boat by force.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'As for the ship, it belonged to some poor people, working at sea. So I intended to damage it, for there was a 'tyrant' king ahead of them who seizes every 'good' ship by force.
  - Mustafa Khattab
As for the ship, it belonged to poor people working on the river, and I wished to mar it, for there was a king behind them who is taking every ship by force.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
As for the boat it belonged to certain men in dire want: they plied on the water: I but wished to render it unserviceable for there was after them a certain king who seized on every boat by force. 2422
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

They went on the boat, which was plying for hire. Its owners were not even ordinary men who plied for trade. They had been reduced to great poverty, perhaps from affluent circumstances, and deserved great commiseration, the more so as they preferred an honest calling to begging for charity. They did not know, but Khidhr did, that that boat, perhaps a new one, had been marked down to be commandeered by an unjust king who seized on every boat he could get-it may have been, for warlike purposes. If this boat had been taken away from these self-respecting men, they would have been reduced to beggary, with no resources left them. By a simple act of making it unseaworthy, the boat was saved from seizure. The owners could repair it as soon as the danger was past. Khidhr probably paid liberally in fares, and what seemed an unaccountably cruel act was the greatest act of kindness he could do in the circumstances.

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18:80
وَأَمَّا ٱلْغُلَـٰمُ فَكَانَ أَبَوَاهُ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ فَخَشِينَآ أَن يُرْهِقَهُمَا طُغْيَـٰنًا وَكُفْرًا Waamm a alghul a mu fak a na abaw a hu muminayni fakhasheen a an yurhiqahum a t ughy a nan wakufr a n
"And as for that young man, his parents were [true] believers - whereas we had every reason to fear78 that he would bring bitter grief upon them by [his] overweening wickedness and denial of all truth:
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "we feared" - but it should be borne in mind that, beyond this primary meaning, the verb khashiya sometimes denotes "he had reason to fear" and, consequently, "he knew", i.e., that something bad would happen (Taj al-'Arus, with specific reference to the above verse): and so we may assume that the sage's expression of "fear" was synonymous with positive "knowledge" gained through outward evidence or through mystic insight (the latter being more probable, as indicated by his statement in the second paragraph of the next verse, "I did not do [any of] this of my own accord").

As for the youth, his parents are true believers, and we feared lest he would grieve them with his rebellion and unbelief.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'And as for the boy, his parents were 'true' believers, and we1 feared that he would pressure them into defiance and disbelief.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 This is the royal ‘we’.

And as for the lad, his parents were believers and We feared lest he should oppress them by rebellion and disbelief.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"As for the youth his parents were people of Faith and we feared that he would grieve them by obstinate rebellion and ingratitude (to Allah and man). 2423
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This seemed at first sight even a more cruel act than scuttling the boat. But the danger was also greater. Khidhr knew that the youth was a potential parricide. His parents were worthy, pious people, who had brought him up with love. He had apparently gone wrong. Perhaps he had already been guilty of murders and robberies and had escaped the law by subtleties and fraud. See next note.

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